An argument is valid if and only if:
1. If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
2. The premises are true and the conclusion is true.
3. If the conclusion is true, then the premises must be true.
4. The premises are true if and only if the conclusion is true.
If one of the premises in an argument is a tautology, then:
1. The argument must be valid, because any conclusion can follow from a tautology.
2. The argument must be invalid, because no valid argument can contain a tautology.
3. It might be valid, it might be invalid, we would need to know more about the argument.
If the conclusion of an argument is a contradiction, then:
1. The argument must be valid because anything follows from a contradiction.
2. The argument must be invalid because contradictions are always false.
3. It might be valid, it might be invalid, we would need to know more about the argument.
1. Valid
2. Invalid
1. Valid
2. Invalid
1. Valid
2. Invalid
3. Not enough information.
1. Valid
2. Invalid
3. Not enough information.
1. Valid
2. Invalid
3. Not enough information.
1. Valid
2. Invalid
3. Not enough information.
1. Valid
2. Invalid
3. Not enough information.

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